William Hogarth FRSA (10 November 1697 – 26 October 1764) was an English painter, printmaker, pictorial satirist and social critic, best known for his satirical and often scandalous depictions of London life. His works became widely popular and mass-produced via prints in his lifetime, and he was by far the most significant English artist of his generation.
Hogarth was born in Smithfield in the City of London to a lower-middle-class family. His father underwent periods of mixed fortune and was at one time imprisoned in lieu of outstanding debts when the young Hogarth was just 10, an event which undoubtedly informed William's paintings and prints.
Hogarth apprenticed to a silversmith/engraver at seventeen, by twenty-three Hogarth had set himself up as an independent copper-plate engraver and enrolled in the Academy of Painting in St Martin’s Lane. Throughout the following four decades he pursued both printing and painting with a mixture of skill, innovation and self-promotion, deploying his extraordinary artistic imagination as a way of supporting himself.
Hogarth produced his satirical narratives as descriptive sequences, like chapters in a novel or scenes in a play. These narratives invariably conveyed a moral lesson. In A Harlot's Progress (1732), Hogarth traces a naive country lass being gradually seduced into a life of prostitution; A Rake's Progress (1735) depicts the son of a wealthy landowner squandering his inheritance being cast, destitute and alone, into a mental asylum.
With Hogarth's growing success he used his art to make social and political statements, often targeting the urbanisation of London and the ensuing prevalent crime. Works created in this atmosphere include Industry and Idleness (1747), Gin Lane (1751) and The Four Stages of Cruelty (1751), which respectively addressed embracing the Protestant work ethic, alcoholism and animal welfare.
